介词和连词是英语里的两类「关系词」:介词把名词/代词接进句子,表时间、地点、方式等关系;连词把词和词、句和句连起来。语法填空里那些「没给提示词」的空,一大半考的就是它俩。这一页帮你分清:一个空到底是缺关系词(介词),还是缺连接词(连词),以及每个高频词该怎么选。
时间介词的核心是「时间单位由小到大」:at 用于时刻这个「点」(at 7:00, at noon, at night);on 用于具体的某一天或某天的上下午(on Monday, on May 1st, on a rainy morning);in 用于月、季、年、世纪等「大时段」(in May, in 2024, in the morning, in winter)。
| 介词 | 用于 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| at | 时刻/点时间 | at 6 o'clock, at noon, at night, at dawn |
| on | 具体某天/某天的时段 | on Sunday, on July 4th, on a cold night |
| in | 月/季/年/一天的大时段 | in June, in summer, in 2025, in the afternoon |
时段与时点的其他高频: since + 时间点(自从…,配完成时);for + 时间段(持续多久);by + 时间点(不迟于、到…之前);until/till(一直到…为止);during + 名词(在…期间);within(在…之内)。
⚠ in the morning 用 in,但「具体某天的早上」变成 on:on a rainy morning, on the morning of May 1st。特例:at night 不用 in。
时间轴从小(时刻)到大(月/年)。at 落在一个「点」上,on 框住「一整天」,in 框住「一大段」。选介词就是看你说的时间「有多大」。
at 把地点看成地图上的一个「点」(at the door, at the bus stop, at school);in 强调「在…里面/在一个空间内」(in the room, in China, in the box);on 强调「在…表面上/接触到某个面或线」(on the desk, on the wall, on the second floor)。
| 介词 | 空间感 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| at | 看作一个点 | at the corner, at the station, at home |
| in | 在内部/空间里 | in the car, in the city, in the water |
| on | 接触表面/线上 | on the table, on the river, on the left |
上下方位的辨析: above(正上方,不接触,泛指高于) vs over(正上方且常有覆盖/跨越感,可接触);below/under(下方)。between(两者之间) vs among(三者及以上之间)。
⚠ in the tree(长在树上,如果是果实/枝叶) vs on the tree 有细微差别;人「爬在树上」用 in the tree。at the corner(街角) vs in the corner(屋角内)。
红球代表被定位的物体,方框是参照物。in 在里面、on 贴表面、at 在旁看作一点、above 在上方不接触、between 夹在两个之间。
with + 工具/伴随(cut it with a knife, with a smile);by + 方式/交通(by bus, by hand, by doing sth);in + 语言/方式(in English, in a loud voice)。注意:by bus 不加冠词,但 in a car / on a bus(具体交通工具用 in/on)。
because of / due to / owing to / thanks to + 名词(表原因);for(为了/因为,for this reason)。这些都是介词(短语),后面接名词,不接句子。
despite / in spite of + 名词/动名词(尽管…);= although/though + 句子。这是高考高频对照:despite the rain = although it rained。
⚠ despite 后不能加 of(错:despite of);in spite of 才带 of。让步意义相同,但一个接名词一个接句子,填空看后面。
这类空「没有道理可讲,只能记搭配」,是语法填空和完形的送分/送命点。介词短语本身也常固定(in time, on time, at last, by accident)。
| 搭配 | 意思 | 搭配 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|---|
| depend on | 依赖 | result in | 导致 |
| result from | 由…引起 | focus on | 专注于 |
| belong to | 属于 | agree with | 同意(某人) |
| look forward to | 期待 | succeed in | 成功做 |
| 搭配 | 意思 | 搭配 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|---|
| good at | 擅长 | afraid of | 害怕 |
| proud of | 为…自豪 | famous for | 因…出名 |
| interested in | 对…感兴趣 | full of | 充满 |
| similar to | 与…相似 | responsible for | 对…负责 |
⚠ famous for(因某事出名) vs famous as(作为…出名);good at vs good for(对…有益)。同一个词换介词意思就变,别只背一半。
左列是动词或形容词,右列是介词。凭记忆把它们配对(good→at, depend→on…)。连错会标红,提示正确答案。
并列连词连接语法地位对等的成分:词、短语,或两个独立的句子(此时前面常加逗号)。它不引出从句。
| 连词 | 关系 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| and | 并列/递进 | He is tall and strong. |
| but | 转折 | It is cheap but useful. |
| or | 选择 | Tea or coffee? |
| so | 结果 | It rained, so we stayed home. |
| for | 因为(说明理由) | He stayed in, for it was raining. |
关联并列连词(成对): both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, not...but。注意主谓一致就近原则(either/or, neither/nor 的谓语跟最近的主语)。
⚠ so(结果) 和 for(原因) 都是并列连词,不能和 because(从属)混用。中文「因为…所以…」在英文里不能 because...so... 同时用,只能留一个。
从属连词引出一个从句(有自己的主语和谓语),让它作整句的一个成分(状语、主语、宾语等)。
| 关系 | 常用连词 |
|---|---|
| 时间 | when, while, as, before, after, until, since, as soon as |
| 原因 | because, since, as, now that |
| 让步 | although, though, even though, even if, while |
| 条件 | if, unless, as long as, provided that |
| 目的/结果 | so that, in order that; so...that, such...that |
that(不作成分,只连接)、whether/if(是否)、连接代词/副词 what, who, which, when, where, why, how(在从句中作成分)。例:I don't know whether he will come. / The problem is that we have no time.
⚠ 从属连词后面接的是「句子」,不是名词。别把 because(连词)当成 because of(介词)用。名词性从句用 that 还是 what,看它在从句里「作不作成分」。
语法填空最爱在这里挖坑:同样的意思,给你一个介词和一个连词让你二选一。铁律只有一条——看后面接名词还是接句子。
| 意思 | 介词(+名词) | 连词(+句子) |
|---|---|---|
| 尽管(让步) | despite / in spite of | although / though / even though |
| 因为(原因) | because of / due to | because / since / as |
| 在…期间 | during | while / when |
| 因为(时长/because) | for(时间段) | because(原因) |
⚠ 判断口诀:后面紧跟的若是名词/动名词/代词→填介词;若是一个完整句子(主语+谓语)→填连词。这一条能解掉几乎所有「介词 vs 连词」的空。
判断器先看空后面第一个成分:是名词短语还是完整句子。名词→介词(despite/because of);句子→连词(though/because)。
每题给一个挖空的英文句子和几个介词选项。选对变绿并给出中文解析,选错变红并提示正确答案。覆盖时间、地点、搭配、让步。
触发信号:空后面是一个时间名词(7 o'clock, Monday, 2024, the morning, three days),句子在讲「什么时候/持续多久」。
标准动作:看时间「大小」:时刻点→at;某一天→on;月/季/年/大时段→in。时间段配 for;时间点配 since/by/until;期间配 during。
示例(带解):He was born on May 1st, 1998, in a small town, and has lived there for years. — on 具体日期,in 大地点/时段,for 接时间段。
陷阱:in the morning(泛指) vs on a cold morning(具体某天);at night 不用 in;since 后接时间点、for 后接时间段别搞反。
触发信号:空后接地点名词,讲「在哪里/相对位置」。
标准动作:看作一点→at;在里面/空间→in;贴表面/线上→on;上方→above/over;两者间→between,三者以上→among。
示例(带解):The picture on the wall hangs above the desk, between the two windows. — on 贴墙面,above 在桌上方(不接触),between 两窗之间。
陷阱:at the corner(街角) vs in the corner(屋角);between(两者) vs among(多者);above(不接触) vs on(接触表面)。
触发信号:空后接名词,表「用什么方式/因为什么/尽管什么」。
标准动作:工具伴随→with;交通方式→by;原因→because of/due to;让步→despite/in spite of。全都后接名词。
示例(带解):Despite the heavy rain, they finished the work by hand because of the broken machine. — despite+名词(让步),by hand(方式),because of+名词(原因)。
陷阱:despite 后不加 of;because of 后不能接句子;by bus 不加冠词但 in a car 要加。
触发信号:空前是一个动词或形容词,空后接名词/动名词,整体是记忆搭配(be good __ , depend __ )。
标准动作:凭固定搭配填:good at, afraid of, depend on, focus on, look forward to, be proud of…。没道理可讲,靠积累。
示例(带解):She is good at painting and interested in music, and she looks forward to studying art. — good at / interested in / look forward to(to 后接动名词)。
陷阱:look forward to 的 to 是介词,后接 -ing 不接原形;famous for vs famous as;同词换介词意思变。
触发信号:空两边是对等成分(两个词/短语/句子),表并列、转折、选择、因果。
标准动作:并列/递进→and;转折→but;选择→or;结果→so;说明理由→for。成对的用 both...and, either...or, not only...but also。
示例(带解):He worked hard, so he passed; it was hard, but he never gave up, for he had a dream. — so 结果,but 转折,for 说明理由。
陷阱:because(从属) 不能和 so 连用;for 作连词表原因时前面要有逗号,和介词 for 区分。
触发信号:意思相同的一对(让步/原因),让你根据后面接的成分二选一。
标准动作:看空后紧跟的第一个成分:名词/动名词→选介词(despite, because of, during);完整句子→选连词(though, because, while)。
示例(带解):Because of his hard work he won; Because he worked hard, he won. 前者 because of + 名词,后者 because + 句子,意思一样、结构不同。
陷阱:despite = 介词(+名词),though = 连词(+句子);because of = 介词,because = 连词。填错就是没看后面接什么。
① 时间/地点的 in/on/at:时刻用 at、某天用 on、大时段/大地点用 in;at night 不用 in;on a rainy morning(具体某天)而非 in。
② despite vs though:despite 是介词后接名词(despite the rain),though 是连词后接句子(though it rained);despite 后不加 of。
③ because vs because of:because 是连词+句子(because he was ill),because of 是介词+名词(because of his illness)。
④ 介词后接动名词:介词后的动词一律变 -ing,不能用原形。look forward to doing, be good at swimming, instead of going。
⑤ 固定搭配换介词意思变:famous for(因…出名) vs famous as(作为…出名);good at(擅长) vs good for(有益)。
⑥ during vs while:during 是介词+名词(during the holiday),while 是连词+句子(while I was reading)。
⑦ so 和 because 不能同现:中文「因为…所以…」英文只保留一个。for(并列,表理由)前要逗号,别和介词 for 混。
⑧ between(两者) vs among(三者及以上);above(不接触上方) vs on(贴表面)。
① 一条铁律统摄「介词 vs 连词」: 不用背成对的词表,只记「介词带名词、连词带句子」。看到空,眼睛直接扫它后面第一个成分——名词短语就是介词题(despite/because of/during),完整句子就是连词题(though/because/while)。这一招把让步、原因、时间三类辨析一次打通。
② 介词的「本义」比死记搭配更省力: at 是「点」、in 是「里/大范围」、on 是「面/接触」。时间上 at 是时刻点、in 是大时段、on 是某一天;地点上同理。抓住这个空间隐喻,时间和地点介词一套逻辑通用,不必分开记两遍。
③ 语法填空「无提示词空」的第一判断: 先判断这个空要填的是关系词(介词)、连接词(连词)、还是代词。方法是分析句子结构:句子里从句和主句都完整吗?缺的是把名词接进来(介词),还是把两个句子连起来(连词)?结构分析先行,填词自然水到渠成。
④ 名词性从句 that vs what 的分水岭: that 只是「连接」不充当成分(从句本身完整);what 要「充当成分」(从句缺主语或宾语)。判断从句是否完整,就知道用哪个——这比背规则更靠谱,和介词/连词的「看后面」思路一脉相承。
⑤ 写作里主动制造「介词短语 + 从句」的层次: 高分作文常用 Despite the difficulty(介词短语开头) + 主句,或 while / although 引导让步从句提升复杂度。掌握介词短语与从句的等价改写(despite↔though, because of↔because),就能在同一意思上自由切换句式,拿结构分。
thebest2dan · 英语攻坚包 · 介词与连词:分清「缺关系词还是缺连接词」,看后面接名词还是句子